Discussion:
Where were deaths in action recorded? (Or otherwise abroad.)
(too old to reply)
john
2021-12-03 12:39:52 UTC
Permalink
If someone was killed in action (primarily during the WWs, though
presumably other conflicts too), would I find their death in
FreeBMD/ONS, recorded under where they normally lived?
Or, to put it another way, if I _do_ find such an entry, do I assume
s/he was _not_ killed in action (though it could be due to a bomb)?
(Other deaths abroad, same question, I suppose - though I could imagine
military deaths might be treated differently.)
I'm not sure I completely understand your question, but if they died in
the UK their deaths would be reported to the coroner and recorded in the
usual BMD records.

If they died abroad and their bodies were brought back or if they were
injured abroad, brought back for treatment and then died then they would
also be recorded as usual
https://history.blog.gov.uk/2017/11/10/the-general-register-office-and-the-first-world-war/

For others it is probably more complicated. I know of English sailor
deaths, where no body found, are recorded.

From a brief search, you might find something useful in

(the mostly pre-online databases) The British Overseas: A Guide to
Records of Their Births, Baptisms, Marriages, Deaths and Burials,
Available in the United Kingdom Paperback – 1 Jun. 1995
by Geoffrey Yeo (Editor), Philippa White ISBN 0900422394

https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/birth-marriage-death-sea-or-abroad/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_casualties_of_war

https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/deaths-first-and-second-world-wars/

https://www.findmypast.co.uk/articles/world-records/full-list-of-united-kingdom-records/life-events-bmds/british-nationals-death-overseas-1818-2005

https://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-deaths-and-burials

https://www.thegenealogist.co.uk/research
Charles Ellson
2021-12-03 21:40:22 UTC
Permalink
On Fri, 3 Dec 2021 13:39:52 +0100, john
Post by john
If someone was killed in action (primarily during the WWs, though
presumably other conflicts too), would I find their death in
FreeBMD/ONS, recorded under where they normally lived?
Or, to put it another way, if I _do_ find such an entry, do I assume
s/he was _not_ killed in action (though it could be due to a bomb)?
(Other deaths abroad, same question, I suppose - though I could imagine
military deaths might be treated differently.)
I'm not sure I completely understand your question, but if they died in
the UK their deaths would be reported to the coroner and recorded in the
usual BMD records.
That applies to England and Wales not the UK, Scotland does not have a
Coronial system and in any case most war deaths would not have
undergone judicial process. Deaths in England and Wales should have
been recorded in the registration district in which they occurred;
deaths in Scotland could have been recorded in the registration
district in which they occurred or in the district in which the
deceased was ordinarily resident and more rarely in an unconnected
district (thus the Scottish death indexes are not guaranteed to
indicate the actual place of death). Keeping wartime in mind, there
will generally be no immediate registration if there was no body
except as below.
Post by john
If they died abroad and their bodies were brought back or if they were
injured abroad, brought back for treatment and then died then they would
also be recorded as usual
https://history.blog.gov.uk/2017/11/10/the-general-register-office-and-the-first-world-war/
If they died abroad (i.e. furth of the UK) then they would not be
registered "as usual" as their death would not have been within a
relevant jurisdiction. If the death was notified to a relevant body
(such as the service they were in or a consulate/embassy) then it
should be recorded in one of the sets of registers in which foreign,
military and other miscellaneous deaths were recorded. A few
exceptions might have been subjects of inquests as that depends on
"where the body lies" not on where a death occurred; it would have
been very unusual in wartime for a body to be brought back from a
non-neutral territory outwith the UK.
Post by john
For others it is probably more complicated. I know of English sailor
deaths, where no body found, are recorded.
Death can be presumed without the standard 7 year wait if there was an
event in which it would be unreasonable not to argue against it, e.g.
"X boarded HMS Whatever which was subsequently seen/known to have sunk
with no known survivors". In a few odd cases that has resulted in
people "coming back from the dead" due to e.g. erroneous crew lists,
being rescued by the other side etc.
Post by john
From a brief search, you might find something useful in
(the mostly pre-online databases) The British Overseas: A Guide to
Records of Their Births, Baptisms, Marriages, Deaths and Burials,
Available in the United Kingdom Paperback – 1 Jun. 1995
by Geoffrey Yeo (Editor), Philippa White ISBN 0900422394
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/birth-marriage-death-sea-or-abroad/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_casualties_of_war
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/deaths-first-and-second-world-wars/
https://www.findmypast.co.uk/articles/world-records/full-list-of-united-kingdom-records/life-events-bmds/british-nationals-death-overseas-1818-2005
https://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-deaths-and-burials
https://www.thegenealogist.co.uk/researchguide/overseas-and-military-bmd-indexes-121/
J. P. Gilliver (John)
2021-12-04 21:35:32 UTC
Permalink
On Fri, 3 Dec 2021 at 21:40:22, Charles Ellson
Post by Charles Ellson
On Fri, 3 Dec 2021 13:39:52 +0100, john
Post by john
If someone was killed in action (primarily during the WWs, though
presumably other conflicts too), would I find their death in
FreeBMD/ONS, recorded under where they normally lived?
Or, to put it another way, if I _do_ find such an entry, do I assume
s/he was _not_ killed in action (though it could be due to a bomb)?
[]
Post by Charles Ellson
If they died abroad (i.e. furth of the UK) then they would not be
registered "as usual" as their death would not have been within a
relevant jurisdiction. If the death was notified to a relevant body
(such as the service they were in or a consulate/embassy) then it
should be recorded in one of the sets of registers in which foreign,
military and other miscellaneous deaths were recorded. A few
That's more or less what I was wondering: leaving out the special cases
of where someone was brought home injured, or their body was repatriated
- I was thinking mostly of those killed and buried (or worse) abroad.

So their death would be recorded _only_ in some register; presumably
these registers were much bigger during a war.

And conversely, if someone is recorded in a normal (FreeBMD/GRO) area,
it means on the whole they _didn't_ die abroad (including in action).
[]
Post by Charles Ellson
Death can be presumed without the standard 7 year wait if there was an
event in which it would be unreasonable not to argue against it, e.g.
"X boarded HMS Whatever which was subsequently seen/known to have sunk
with no known survivors". In a few odd cases that has resulted in
people "coming back from the dead" due to e.g. erroneous crew lists,
being rescued by the other side etc.
Interesting!

If the standard 7 year wait _is_ invoked - presumably meaning just a
missing person really, especially _not_ in wartime - where is the
"death" recorded?
Post by Charles Ellson
Post by john
From a brief search, you might find something useful in
[]
Thanks - useful list tagged as keep, for reference.

FWIW: this arose because a friend had said something like he thought his
dad's dad died in WW1, and I was wondering how to check that - if I
found him in a normal FreeBMD/GRO hit, presumably he _wasn't_ (I
didn't), and I didn't have a good list of where to look for military
deaths. I subsequently decided he didn't die during WW1 anyway, as my
friend's dad was born 1920/7/7! (I did find a possible death for his
granddad in 194x, so during WW2, though presumably as I found that in
FreeBMD/GRO, not in action.)
--
J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)***@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

resentment is like drinking poison and expecting the other person to die -
attributed to Carrie Fisher by Gareth McLean, in Radio Times 28 January-3
February 2012
Charles Ellson
2021-12-05 07:05:40 UTC
Permalink
On Sat, 4 Dec 2021 21:35:32 +0000, "J. P. Gilliver (John)"
Post by J. P. Gilliver (John)
On Fri, 3 Dec 2021 at 21:40:22, Charles Ellson
Post by Charles Ellson
On Fri, 3 Dec 2021 13:39:52 +0100, john
Post by john
If someone was killed in action (primarily during the WWs, though
presumably other conflicts too), would I find their death in
FreeBMD/ONS, recorded under where they normally lived?
Or, to put it another way, if I _do_ find such an entry, do I assume
s/he was _not_ killed in action (though it could be due to a bomb)?
[]
Post by Charles Ellson
If they died abroad (i.e. furth of the UK) then they would not be
registered "as usual" as their death would not have been within a
relevant jurisdiction. If the death was notified to a relevant body
(such as the service they were in or a consulate/embassy) then it
should be recorded in one of the sets of registers in which foreign,
military and other miscellaneous deaths were recorded. A few
That's more or less what I was wondering: leaving out the special cases
of where someone was brought home injured, or their body was repatriated
- I was thinking mostly of those killed and buried (or worse) abroad.
So their death would be recorded _only_ in some register; presumably
these registers were much bigger during a war.
Off the top of my head :-
Killed or died on the battlefield or in a military field hospital -
recorded in service deaths registers _if_ the information was fed
back.
Died (WW1) in a foreign civilian hospital - recorded in those
countries' death registers.
Not forgetting that the force they were serving in should have some
record(s) of the death or being missing.
Post by J. P. Gilliver (John)
And conversely, if someone is recorded in a normal (FreeBMD/GRO) area,
it means on the whole they _didn't_ die abroad (including in action).
[]
Yes, short of oddities such as e.g. being washed up on the beach or
found dead on a boat arriving in port. IIRC where the actual place of
death was unknown then the registration defaulted to where the body
was found. (A more modern version to compare with could be e.g.
someone found dead on the London to Glasgow sleeper after arrival with
no certainty of where on the journey they expired).

There can be a hint if a possible death index match is for a place
away from someone's home area but where a military hospital was
located. One of my relatives died in Stoke Mandeville Hospital which
explained why he was buried in his home parish but had no matching
entry in the Scottish or Service indexes.
Post by J. P. Gilliver (John)
Post by Charles Ellson
Death can be presumed without the standard 7 year wait if there was an
event in which it would be unreasonable not to argue against it, e.g.
"X boarded HMS Whatever which was subsequently seen/known to have sunk
with no known survivors". In a few odd cases that has resulted in
people "coming back from the dead" due to e.g. erroneous crew lists,
being rescued by the other side etc.
Interesting!
If the standard 7 year wait _is_ invoked - presumably meaning just a
missing person really, especially _not_ in wartime - where is the
"death" recorded?
If the result of a court declaration then it should be in the court
records. In Scotland possibly resulting in an entry in the NRS index;
in England and Wales maybe involving a search through unindexed court
records. In modern times, a death register entry might in practice be
unavoidable; further back (20/30+ years?) ISTR there was no
arrangement for recording such a death in Scottish death records but
in England and Wales a death register entry would be caused. I am not
sure exactly which registrar is supposed to be informed but the first
place I would consider is where the person was last seen alive
followed possibly by the one for the district where the relevant court
is located. The 7 year presumption won't necessarily have caused any
records - in past times a surviving spouse would have been more or
less free to re-marry after seven years simply by declaring they had
not seen their partner since the relevant date (I have seen marriage
register entries with such recorded). Marriages now require more proof
of the parties' assorted statuses (nationality, divorce, widowhood
etc.) but if a surviving spouse (or their heirs) have no need for the
death to be presumed then again there might be no record. OTOH the
occasional older will index entry might mention "last seen alive...."
at various times after the presumed event depending on when dispersal
of an estate is required; that could be when the missing person
themselves gets an inheritance which then has to be passed on to their
heirs.
Post by J. P. Gilliver (John)
Post by Charles Ellson
Post by john
From a brief search, you might find something useful in
[]
Thanks - useful list tagged as keep, for reference.
FWIW: this arose because a friend had said something like he thought his
dad's dad died in WW1, and I was wondering how to check that - if I
found him in a normal FreeBMD/GRO hit, presumably he _wasn't_ (I
didn't), and I didn't have a good list of where to look for military
deaths. I subsequently decided he didn't die during WW1 anyway, as my
friend's dad was born 1920/7/7! (I did find a possible death for his
granddad in 194x, so during WW2, though presumably as I found that in
FreeBMD/GRO, not in action.)
Steve Hayes
2021-12-04 08:29:21 UTC
Permalink
On Fri, 3 Dec 2021 10:38:20 +0000, "J. P. Gilliver (John)"
If someone was killed in action (primarily during the WWs, though
presumably other conflicts too), would I find their death in
FreeBMD/ONS, recorded under where they normally lived?
Or, to put it another way, if I _do_ find such an entry, do I assume
s/he was _not_ killed in action (though it could be due to a bomb)?
The best place to *start* looking for those killed inm action is the
Commonwealth War Graves Commission:

https://www.cwgc.org/

FreeBMD would have deaths within England and Wales, but few of those
would have been killed in action -- aircrew of planes shot down over
land, those in military installations killed in bombing raids perhaps.
Some are recorded as civilian war deaths, usually in bombing raids.

But the CWGC might have military personnel killed in the UK as well.
(Other deaths abroad, same question, I suppose - though I could imagine
military deaths might be treated differently.)
--
Steve Hayes
Web: http://hayesgreene.wordpress.com/
http://hayesgreene.blogspot.com
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/afgen/
Charles Ellson
2021-12-05 07:15:57 UTC
Permalink
On Sat, 04 Dec 2021 10:29:21 +0200, Steve Hayes
Post by Steve Hayes
On Fri, 3 Dec 2021 10:38:20 +0000, "J. P. Gilliver (John)"
If someone was killed in action (primarily during the WWs, though
presumably other conflicts too), would I find their death in
FreeBMD/ONS, recorded under where they normally lived?
Or, to put it another way, if I _do_ find such an entry, do I assume
s/he was _not_ killed in action (though it could be due to a bomb)?
The best place to *start* looking for those killed inm action is the
https://www.cwgc.org/
FreeBMD would have deaths within England and Wales, but few of those
would have been killed in action -- aircrew of planes shot down over
land, those in military installations killed in bombing raids perhaps.
Some are recorded as civilian war deaths, usually in bombing raids.
But the CWGC might have military personnel killed in the UK as well.
There are plenty in CWGC indexes who died in the UK, including those
who died of natural causes while serving. This can involve checking
all three jurisdictions' death indexes as they could have been serving
in any UK country; sometimes it is quicker to head for the wills
indexes to find the place of death (e.g. "<name> of <home address>,
died in <place of death> on <date>") but not all deaths caused an
inheritance.
Post by Steve Hayes
(Other deaths abroad, same question, I suppose - though I could imagine
military deaths might be treated differently.)
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